Shanghai Siken Industries Inc.

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The bladder divides the accumulator into two chambers: a gas chamber and a liquid chamber. The bladder is pre-charged with nitrogen, while the space between the bladder and the shell is filled with hydraulic oil. When connected downstream of a check valve, rising system pressure compresses the nitrogen inside the bladder, reducing its volume. This process absorbs impact hydraulic energy and thereby reduces or eliminates pressure surges in the system.

To mitigate pressure impacts, a bladder accumulator is typically installed close to the source of the pressure surge for effective buffering. However, the repeated charging and discharging of the accumulator can easily induce oscillations after the initial pressure absorption.

The solution is to install a one-way throttle valve in the inlet pipeline of the bladder accumulator. This arrangement allows hydraulic oil to enter the accumulator smoothly when absorbing a pressure impact. On the return flow, the oil is restricted by throttling damping, which increases hydraulic resistance, significantly attenuates the pressure wave, and greatly reduces the number of oscillations.

By properly adjusting the opening of the one-way throttle valve, smooth inflow during absorption and controlled, damped outflow during discharge are achieved. In practice, the minimum outlet pressure of the check valve is maintained in the range of 6–8 MPa, with a maximum of 8–10 MPa. The peak impact pressure is reduced to approximately 60 % of the value observed without a bladder accumulator.